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1) is a geomorphologically very diverse country, which is reflected in the diversity of ecosystems and vegetation types. contraceptives) is the most promising way in managing such damages (e.g. Rodents are also important agricultural pests and the use of species-specific pest-control methods (e.g. The correct host identification and knowledge of its distribution are necessary for predictions of occurrence of host-specific pathogens and disease outbreaks (e.g. in the epidemiology of rodent-borne diseases. Besides the protection of areas with high and endemic biodiversity, this knowledge can have other practical consequences for humans, e.g. This lack of knowledge is likely to affect subsequent analyses of spatial biodiversity patterns, and it is therefore important to have reliable information on the distributions of particular taxa. Despite intensive progress in recent decades the alpha-taxonomy of small mammals in tropical Africa is still dynamically changing and the distribution of taxa defined by integrative taxonomy is poorly known ( Monadjem et al. Rodents are generally good indicators of local biodiversity levels, because of their specialization to particular types of ecosystems and their low dispersal ability. However, the estimation of spatial biodiversity patterns and predictions of future changes are most often based on species distributions, which can be wrong for several reasons: (i) they are based on incorrect/incomparable species delimitations, even in well studied taxa like mammals and (ii) distributional data for well-delimited species are scarce and frequently not correct.
These areas are referred to as biodiversity hot-spots and they should be priority sites for nature conservation ( Mittermeier et al. Some geographical areas have higher diversification rates than others (due to diverse geomorphology, the important role of climate change in past diversification, steep ecological gradients, etc.) or they harbour higher diversity simply because they have been stable over long periods of time (i.e. Importance of accurate knowledge of the distribution of biodiversityīiodiversity is not distributed equally on the Earth.
The checklist confirms an unusually high level of Ethiopian rodent biodiversity, which should serve as a basis for conservation. Of the total number of species recorded, a high proportion are endemics of Ethiopian Highlands (43 species = 41.3 %), followed by those living in Somali-Masai (27) and Sudanian (13) savanna.
We report the occurrence of > 40 species not previously included in a checklist published in 1996 (with many species still requiring formal description). Compared to previous studies we were not able to confirm the presence of 12 species, probably due to a lack of data from arid lowland areas, though some of these species may be extinct. In total, the Ethiopian rodent fauna consists of 104 species (40 genera, 10 families). In most cases recent material was analysed in detail using genetic and/or morphometric approaches. For each species we show a distributional map based on critically revised data from: (1) published literature (2) museum collections, including records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and (3) recent field surveys performed in the last three decades as part of the Joint Ethio-Russian Biological Expedition (JERBE) and Ethio-Czech Research Projects. We provide an annotated checklist of rodents of Ethiopia.
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